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Spokesmen, by T. K. Whipple, gathers a series of essays written in the 1920s, a decade when American literature was breaking decisively from academic gentility and provincial puritanism. Whipple examines ten central figures—Dreiser, Anderson, Cather, Lewis, O’Neill, Sandburg, Frost, and others—writers he credits with advancing what he and his contemporaries called the “liberation of American literature.” His double theme, drawn from Max Eastman and Van Wyck Brooks, shapes the volume: the need for a “poetic temper” that values realization of experience over mere attainment of ends, and the recognition of how American social life, standardized and pragmatic, stifles that impulse in its artists.

The essays are both literary criticism and cultural diagnosis, balancing analysis of style and vision with reflections on the conditions of American life. Whipple’s judgments, often prophetic, read strikingly true decades later: his sense that O’Neill’s greatest work was “just around the corner,” his critique of Sinclair Lewis’s defensive hostility to experience, or his precise placement of Anderson between Sandburg’s rawness and Lewis’s reflection. He could define an author’s achievement with brevity and elegance, as in his assessment of Willa Cather’s art as the hard-won triumph of discipline over provincial limitation. Always, his criticism is animated by the conviction that American writers reveal less about themselves than about the society that shapes and constrains them.

Written in lucid, witty prose that avoids the jargon of later criticism, Spokesmen remains both a record of its cultural moment and a work of enduring critical insight. Whipple’s essays place literature within the larger currents of national life, making the book not only an appraisal of key writers in their prime but also a commentary on the promises and frustrations of American culture itself.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1928.