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Whitehead’s Philosophical Development: A Critical History of the Background of Process and Reality by Nathaniel Lawrence offers the first systematic map of Alfred North Whitehead’s intellectual trajectory, culminating in his famously difficult Gifford Lectures. With a foreword by Stephen C. Pepper, the book argues that Process and Reality cannot be read in isolation: its dense arguments grow directly out of decades of prior philosophical work. By reconstructing that path, Lawrence supplies both orientation and interpretive keys for one of the twentieth century’s most challenging metaphysical projects.

Tracing Whitehead’s shift from mathematical natural philosophy to speculative cosmology, Lawrence identifies two persistent strands—realism, affirming the independence of experienced elements, and conceptualism, emphasizing the perceiver’s contribution. The tension between them, he shows, fuels Whitehead’s revisions as he moves from early analyses of events, objects, and causality, through the challenges of relativity and epistemology, to a late philosophy of “actual occasions” and value as intrinsic to experience. Obscurity, in this light, reflects honest intellectual growth rather than muddle. Organized chronologically, the book walks readers through Whitehead’s early cosmology, transitional writings, and eventual synthesis, demonstrating how seemingly inconsistent moves become coherent stages in development. Lawrence thus rescues Process and Reality from superficial readings by embedding it in its genealogy.

For philosophers, historians of science, and advanced students, Whitehead’s Philosophical Development provides a reliable on-ramp to one of modern philosophy’s most forbidding texts. It repositions Whitehead’s dense prose as a record of expansion rather than confusion and equips readers with a structured path into his evolving lexicon and aims.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1956.