Table of Contents
A Note to Readers
Introduction
1. ART IN A COMMERCIAL WORLD
I. Art in Society
Illusions of Disinterest
Paul Mattick
Marx on Ideology and Art
O. K. Werckmeister
Avant-Garde and Kitsch
Clement Greenberg
The Artworld
Arthur Danto
Culture Industry Reconsidered
Theodor W. Adorno
II. The Value of Art
The Cultural Biography of Things
Igor Kopytoff
Aura
Walter Benjamin
Varieties of Artistic Value in Contemporary Aesthetics
Michael Hutter and Richard Shusterman
The Production of Belief
Pierre Bourdieu
The Paradox of Rarity: Photography
Raymonde Moulin
Symbolic Meanings of Prices
Olav Velthuis
Art . . . Contemporary of Itself
Jean Baudrillard
2. ARTISTS AND COLLECTORS IN THE MARKET FOR ART
I. The Supply of and Demand for Works of Art
Two Paradigms of Artistic Activity
Xavier Greffe
Arts Markets
James Heilbrun and Charles M. Gray
II. The Nature of the Demand for Works of Art
The Synchronization of Social Change in Europe
Fernand Braudel
Economic Value as the Objectification of Subjective Values
Georg Simmel
Conspicuous Consumption and Pecuniary Canons of Taste
Thorstein Veblen
Collectors and Collecting
Russell W. Belk
Connoisseurs and Experts
Jonathan Brown
III. The Artist: Homo Economicus / Femina Economica
Art, Honor, and Excellence
Elizabeth Honig
Determining Value on the Art Market in the Golden Age
Eric Jan Sluijter
Reference, Deference, and Difference
Griselda Pollock
The Trademark Tracey Emin
Ulrich Lehmann
Notes on the Mythic Being I–III
Adrian Piper
Whose Image Is It?
Barbara Hoffman
IV. The Art Market
Property and Exhibition Rights
Walter Santagata
Informational Efficiency of the Art Market
William N. Goetzmann
The Market for Modern Prints
James E. Pesando
3. THE ITALIAN CITY-STATES
The Culture of Consumption
Richard A. Goldthwaite
Conditions of Trade
Michael Baxandall
Italian Artists in Sixteenth-Century England
Cinzia Maria Sicca
Leonardo and Leonardism
Luke Syson
Marketing
Richard E. Spear
The Market for Paintings in Italy
Federico Etro and Laura Pagani
The Gender and Internationalism of Rosalba Carriera
Shearer West
Letters to Isabella Stewart Gardner
Bernard Berenson
4. ANTWERP
The Business of Art: Patrons, Clients, and Markets
Maryan W. Ainsworth
Marketing Art in Antwerp
Dan Ewing
Pieter Aertsen’s Meat Stall as Contemporary Art
Charlotte Houghton
Second Bosch
Larry Silver
A Sixteenth-Century Master-Pupil Contract
Exporting Art across the Globe
Filip Vermeylen
Trade and Art in Seventeenth-Century Antwerp
Elizabeth Alice Honig
Rubens’s Studio Practice
Hans Vlieghe
5. AMSTERDAM
On Brabant Rubbish, Economic Competition, Artistic Rivalry, and the Growth of the Market for Paintings
Eric Jan Sluijter
Cost and Value in Dutch Art
John Michael Montias
Art Dealers in the Netherlands
John Michael Montias
Italian Paintings in Holland
Bert W. Meijer
Freedom, Art, and Money
Svetlana Alpers
Letters to Constantijn Huygens, ca. 1639
Rembrandt
Attributions in Auction Catalogs
Koenraad Jonckheere
The Solliciteur-Culturel
Koenraad Jonckheere
6. GERMANY AND SPAIN
I. Germany
The Reformation and the Decline of German Art
Carl C. Christensen
Art Auctions in Germany during the Eighteenth Century
Thomas Ketelsen
II. Spain
Painting in Spain, 1500–1700
Jonathan Brown
Exploring Markets in Spain and Nueva España
Neil De Marchi and Hans J. van Miegroet
Spanish Art and Global Discourse
Miguel A. Hernández-Navarro
7. LONDON
Picture Consumption in London
Carol Gibson-Wood
The Art Market
Iain Pears
England and the Netherlands Compared
David Ormrod
Engraving
Tobias Smollett
Hogarth
Ronald Paulson
Portrait Painting as a Business Enterprise
Marcia Pointon
Christie’s Auction House
Thomas M. Bayer and John R. Page
Art Collecting and Victorian Middle-Class Taste
Dianne Sachko MacLeod
David Thomson and the Goupil Gallery
Anne Helmreich
Whistler and the English Print Market
Martha Tedeschi
Roger Fry’s Commercial Exhibitions
Anna Gruetzner Robins
8. PARIS
Gersaint and the Marketing of Art
Andrew McClellan
David and the “Exposition Payante”
Oskar Bätschmann
Noising Things Abroad
Steven R. Adams
An Italian Patron of French Neo-Classic Art
Francis Haskell
Circuits of Production, Circuits of Consumption
Nicholas Green
Dealing in Temperaments
Nicholas Green
Courbet’s Landscapes and Their Market
Anne M. Wagner
The Retrospective Exhibition
Robert Jensen
Entrepreneurial Patronage in Nineteenth-Century France
Albert Boime
Ambroise Vollard Correspondence
Paul Gauguin
Vollard’s Bronzes
Una Johnson
La Peau de l’Ours and Galerie Berthe Weill
Michael Cowan Fitzgerald
The Steins’ Early Years in Paris
Rebecca Rabinow
The Avant-Garde, Order, and the Art Market
Malcolm Gee
Galeries Georges Petit
Michael C. Fitzgerald
Painting as a Safe Investment
Raymonde Moulin
9. ART CONSUMPTION IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
Touching Pictures by William Harnett
Michael Leja
Winslow Homer as Entrepreneur
Kevin M. Murphy
J. P. Morgan’s Renaissance Bronzes
Flaminia Gennari-Santori
The Armory Show
Katherine S. Dreier
Alfred Stieglitz
Sarah Greenough
Diary of an Art Dealer
René Gimpel
Vollard
Edith Halpert
Press Release, Art of This Century
The Exhibitions at Art of This Century
Jasper Sharp
10. NEW YORK
Artists and Dealers
Dore Ashton
Mark Rothko
James E. B. Breslin
The New York Art Market ca. 1960
A. Deirdre Robson
Clement Greenberg
André Emmerich
Mike Wallace Interviews Marcel Duchamp
Leo Castelli Gallery
Richard Brown Baker
Mr. Andy Warhol
Arthur Danto
The Gutman Letter
Michael Benedikt
Unpublished Notes
Ad Reinhardt
Revaluing Minimalism
Anna C. Chave
Land Artists and Art Markets
Victor Ginsburgh and A. F. Penders
Unpackaging Simulationism
Alison Pearlman
11. THE GLOBAL ART MARKET
The Art Market in the 1980s
Paul Ardenne
Video Art
Noah Horowitz
Money Is No Object
Francis M. Naumann
The Internationalization of the Contemporary Art World
Alain Quemin
Neo-modernity, Neo-biennalism, Neo-fairism
Paco Barragán
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Index
