Preface
Notes about the Sources, Citation, and Transcription Conventions
1. Introduction: The Setting
2. The Work and the Workshops
Bone Working
Stone and Jade Working
Pottery
Textiles
Wood Working
Bronze Casting
Cowries: Bone and Bronze
The Emergence of Writing
The Workshops
The Products
3. The Artisan Corps
The Status of the Artisans
The Duo Gong 多工
“The Many Strikers”
Summary
The Dependent Laborers of Shang
A Note on Population
4. The Zhong 眾 and the Ren 人
The Status of the Workers: Slave, Free, or Dependent
The Differences Between the Zhong 眾 and the Ren 人
5. Punishments, Human Sacrifice, and Accompanying-in-Death
Possible Punishments
The Qiang 羌 and Duo Qiang 多羌: A Sample Case
Human Sacrifice and Accompanying-in-Death
6. Labor Mobilization
The Verbs for “Mobilize”
The Verbs for “Making an Offering”
7. Who Was Mobilized
8. The Occupational Lineages
9. Numbers
Accuracy of the Figures
Casualties among the Zhong 眾
Casualties among the Ren 人
10. Work Schedule of the Diviners
Discussion
11. Leadership
12. The Work: Agriculture
The Agricultural Context
Late Shang Agriculture
The Powers and the Weather
Agricultural Tools
The Yi 邑 and Tian 田
The Peasantry and the Population
Dynastic Agriculture
The Ritual Dimension
Opening Up New Land
The Use of Fire
Irrigation
Conclusions
13. The Work: Warfare
Leadership in Warfare
Army Organization
Penetration
Horse-chariot Units and the Shang Army
Shang Weapons
Shang Military History
14. The Work: Hunting
15. The Work: Construction
Wall Construction
Rammed-Earth Construction
Settlements and Buildings
Temples and Other Buildings
Drainage
Royal and Other Tombs
16. Some Elements of Ritual Concern
17. The Role of Geopolitics and Culture
Ancestor Worship
Other Demands for Work
The Role of Writing
The Creation of the Ancestors
18. The Legacies
Figure
Tables
Appendix 1: Inscription Glosses
Appendix 2: Glossary of Shang Terms and Phrases
Bibliography A: Abbreviations for the Oracle-Bone Collections and Other Reference Works
Bibliography B: Other Works Cited
Key to the Inscriptions Translated
Index
